philological flypast: May 2012

Thursday, May 31, 2012

The Secret to a Tranquil Soul

Importance of Self Improvement in Islam

Amira Esseghir

Islam is a way of life that teaches Muslims to focus on bettering themselves by following the Quran, the holy book of Islam, and the teachings of the final prophet, Muhammad, peace be upon him (pbuh). Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) once said, ?Truly I was sent as a Prophet for the purpose of perfecting human character.? This prophetic tradition defines a very important aspect of Islam: self improvement through spiritual and physical purity.

An old Arab proverb aptly states: ?The one who lacks something cannot give it to others.? This saying establishes the fact that in order for one to spread ?good? in terms of his or her character, manners, words, or actions, he or she must first strive to possess it. One should not neglect to improve one?s own faults even as they attempt to assist others. Of course, this does not mean that one has to be perfect in order to be of benefit to others; for instance, some people think that they cannot spread knowledge because they are not scholars. Instead, this adage goes hand in hand with the English saying, ?Practice before you preach.? As Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said, ?Who are the learned? Those who practice what they know.?

In Islam, it is of utmost importance for Muslims to seek self improvement in regards to every aspect of their lives. As a result, one?s good character will impact others and therefore improve society as a whole. This dynamic change all begins at the individual level. In this regard, God says in the Quran:

??????????? ?Truly God does not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves.? (13:11)

Pure Intentions

Before an individual consciously embarks on this journey, he or she must define and cleanse their intention. A pivotal teaching of Islam is derived from the prophetic statement, ?All actions are judged by their intentions, and each person will be rewarded according to his or her intention.?

Hence, a desire to genuinely improve oneself, please God, and provide benefit is paramount. On the other hand, having impure intentions such as seeking the admiration of other people or showing off is counterproductive. For these reasons, purifying one?s intentions is critical to the success of one?s pursuit of self development.

Cleansing of the heart is also a large component of self improvement because it directly impacts one?s actions. God says in the Quran:

?God did confer a great favor on the believers when He sent among them an apostle from among themselves, rehearsing unto them the signs of God, sanctifying them, and instructing them in scripture and wisdom, while, before that, they had been in manifest error.? (3:164)

This verse demonstrates the role of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and the importance of self improvement in Islam. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) taught the pagan Arabs of Mecca to believe in the One God and to live righteously; he implored them to renounce idolatry and their impulsive lifestyles. Over the course of 23 years, his message uplifted the status of women, brought God-consciousness among people, and safeguarded the poor and needy. In doing so, not only did he help individuals to attain self improvement, he rehabilitated an entire society: racial discrimination was practically eliminated, tribal warfare was replaced with united ties of brotherhood, usury and alcohol were completely forbidden.

Righteous Actions

Self development begins at the individual level and requires a vast amount of discipline. Along with striving to become more physically pure by maintaining a healthy and clean body, it is equally important for an individual to maintain his or her spiritual health through righteous actions. Purification of the soul allow an individual to become closer to God and exhibit more positive behavior which will translate into his or her deeds.

In order to purify and enhance oneself, Islam outlines several pragmatic steps:

?Core worship, such as prayer, fasting, supplication, etc. Performing these allows Muslims to draw closer to God by increasing the individual?s awareness of God throughout the day. This will, in turn, decrease his or her likelihood to commit acts that would displease God, enabling people to raise their moral and ethical standards.
Smiling, being kind, and staying positive when interacting with others. This leads to mercifulness and forgiveness, which are attributes which God loves in human beings. Prophetic traditions mention that smiling is an act of charity and removing obstacles from the road is a sign of faith; others encourage people to spread good news and exchange gifts as a way of increasing love between people.
Having self discipline and managing one?s time so that the person is more productive throughout the day. <translation of Surah Asr>
Lending a helping hand to those in need. Once Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was asked, ?What actions are most excellent?? He answered, ?To gladden the heart of human beings, to feed the hungry, to help the afflicted, to lighten the sorrow of the sorrowful, and to remove the sufferings of the injured.?
Striving to increase one?s knowledge whether it be religious or academic. Working towards becoming an informed and proactive citizen. According to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), ?The seeking of knowledge is obligatory for every Muslim.?
Maintaining good company and friends that will influence the individual in a positive manner. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) has stated, ?It is better to sit alone than in company with the bad; and it is better still to sit with the good than alone. It is better to speak to a seeker of knowledge than to remain silent; but silence is better than idle words.?
Performing sincere repentance for one?s sins and seeking the mercy and forgiveness of God. Feeling guilty for transgressions that one has made, and then making an active effort to learn from one?s mistakes and never repeat them again. <verse from Quran>

As you may have noticed, many of these steps involve interacting with others. Even though spiritual purification is important, it is critical to note that seclusion and neglect of worldly responsibilities are not condoned by Islam. Prolonged seclusion for the purpose of spiritual purification is in fact inconsistent with Islamic teachings. A large component of self enhancement involves treating others with compassion and respect, and helping the less fortunate. This is not possible if one leads the life of a recluse.

One of the prophetic traditions encourages people to look at those less privileged when making worldly comparisons with others: ?When you see a person who has been given more than you in money and beauty, look to those who have been given less.? ?This advice is very important because it enables us to be grateful for the blessings we have and be less greedy or miserly. Such an attitude allows one to remain focused on the quest of attaining self improvement and eternal success in the hereafter rather than the transient materials of this temporary life.

The Virtues of Selfishness

Self improvement plays a significant role in the lives of Muslims also due to another key Islamic concept: that every individual will be held accountable for only him or her self in the hereafter. On the Day of Judgment, God will question each soul on its actions, and how it spent time on earth. On that day, each person will solely be concerned about the magnitude of his or her deeds.

The importance of self development cannot be overemphasized in Islam although it may seem like a selfish endeavor on the surface. However, such ?selfishness? may actually be considered a virtue rather than a vice. When one is constantly struggling for self improvement, he or she becomes more willing to help others and disperse the good that he or she has gained to society at large. As a result, one person?s efforts contribute towards collective development. Such commitment is not possible in the individual who is self-absorbed for the sake of self-gratification. Therefore, ?selfishness? for the purpose of self improvement and the greater good is the first step to selflessness.

Indeed, the essence of all good deeds stems from a pure and tranquil soul.

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With nomination in hand, Romney turns focus on Obama

His win in Texas on Tuesday put him over the top in the delegate count, and now the entire GOP establishment is focused on November.

By Thomas Beaumont,?The Associated Press / May 30, 2012

Mitt Romney in a file photo. The GOP candidate won the Texas primary on May 29, clinching the nomination.

Mary Altaffer/AP/File

Enlarge

What's next for Mitt Romney? The Republican presidential nomination finally in hand, he will spend the next three months trying to undercut President Barack Obama on the economy while portraying himself as Mr. Fix It for a nation with stubbornly and painfully high unemployment.

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Romney also faces key decisions between now and his acceptance of the party's nomination in late August in Florida: Where should he compete most aggressively? Who should be his running mate?

At the same time, he must dive anew into fundraising and work to win over voters who are distracted by their own summer plans and day-to-day pocketbook worries ? while withstanding Obama's attacks on his own claims as a jobs creator.

Not that Romney is publicly sweating the hurdles that come with being the little-known challenger to a personally popular president.

"People will get to know me better," Romney told Fox News in an interview that aired Wednesday, the day after he sealed the GOP nomination with his primary election victory in Texas. He says the general election campaign is only beginning even though his chief challenger dropped out more than six weeks ago.

With a smile, he said of the voters, "My guess is they're going to get to know more about me than they'd like to by the time we're finished."

As if on cue, Obama's campaign opened a fresh critique of the GOP nominee-in-waiting, assailing his economic record as governor of Massachusetts. It's the second phase of an effort by Obama to define Romney negatively in voters' eyes. The Democrat already has spent weeks hammering the Republican on his record at the private equity company he founded.

Obama himself made a courtesy call to Romney to congratulate him on his nomination victory. An Obama aide said the president told Romney in a brief and cordial chat that he looked forward to debating America's future with him.

Romney spent the day in California, plunging into a week filled with fundraisers and efforts to unite Republicans after a divisive primary season. Already he's proven adept at both, hauling in enough cash to cut into the advantage that Obama has while getting most of his former Republican rivals to close ranks around him.

Those efforts ? and the turning of his primary campaign into a general election operation ? have been his prime focus. He's making only a handful of public appearances for now, but aides say they expect the campaign to ramp up to a full sprint by July 4. Romney has said he plans to take a week off around the holiday, suggesting that may be the time when he makes final deliberations on whom to choose as his vice presidential nominee.

Little is known about just where in that process Romney may be, though there is no shortage of Republican rising stars informally auditioning for the role.

While work on that front is certainly going on behind the scenes, Romney's aides are spending this week publicly pressing anew a criticism that the candidate himself has been making for months against Obama. They're highlighting the hundreds of millions of dollars in economic stimulus money that the administration provided to Solyndra, the solar-energy company that went bankrupt and whose executives had contributed to Obama's campaign.

It is a sign of the overarching argument Romney will make against Obama in the coming weeks: that Obama's economic efforts have been politically motivated, have wasted taxpayer dollars and, ultimately, have failed.

The renewed Solyndra criticism is also an attempt to answer Obama's recent criticism ? in speeches and advertisements ? of Romney's tenure at the helm of Bain Capital. Obama has argued that Romney's time as a private equity executive before entering politics ? the basis for his campaign's claim that he's best suited to lead an economic recovery ? was aimed at enriching shareholders, not serving the public.

Romney largely survived that opening salvo, judging by early polls and interviews with both Republicans and Democrats.

National surveys show Obama either statistically tied with Romney or only slightly ahead of him. And polls in the most hotly contested states show Romney competitive with Obama.

"They haven't worked," GOP strategist Charlie Black, an informal Romney adviser, said of the Bain criticisms. "People are worried about the economy and jobs."

Democratic strategist Steve Elmendorf said too few voters had heard the argument.

"The reality is it's June," said Elmendorf. "To say the Bain argument has worked or not is ridiculously premature."

A handful of swing-voting states will be the most hard fought as Obama and Romney aggressively build get-out-the-vote organizations and air a flood of advertisements in their efforts to reach the 270 Electoral College votes needed to win the White House.

Across the country, Romney's campaign is going through growing pains as it seeks to turn a stripped-down primary operation into a full-scale general election campaign. Aides say offices will open and more staff will join the team, but they also say they don't anticipate being able to match the staffing levels of Obama, who has had teams in place for months in states like Florida and Ohio. The Republican National Committee also is in the midst of boosting its staffing to help Romney.

Already, Obama's and Romney's campaigns, as well as super PACs supporting and opposing each, have spent more than $80 million in advertising on the general election campaign through the month of June, according to ad-tracking reports provided to The Associated Press by Smart Media Group of Alexandria, Va.

Of that, Obama's campaign has spent $31 million-plus on TV ads in about 10 states. He's been on the air most heavily in Florida, Iowa, Ohio and Virginia, an indication of where his team may think the race will be won or lost. A Democratic-leaning super PAC also has been on the air to help him, though it's spent only about $6.3 million.

Romney himself has run ads in just five battleground states: Iowa, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio and Virginia. But he's been significantly helped by pro-Romney outside groups, who have been on the air in several others ? most heavily in Florida, Ohio and Virginia.

Even so, Republican outfits, including Romney's campaign and supporting super PACS, have combined to spend about as much as Obama and his allies. And in the coming weeks, Romney plans to focus heavily on fundraising so that he'll be able to make strategic decisions about where to devote most of it state by state.

To that end, Romney is spending the week courting donors in California, starting Wednesday in Fresno, Bakersfield and in Hillsborough, a wealthy enclave just outside San Francisco.

He planned major fundraising events Thursday, Friday and Saturday in southern California. On Tuesday, Romney was in Las Vegas wooing Sheldon Adelson, the primary financing source of a group that backed Newt Gingrich's failed primary campaign. And Romney also attended a fundraiser hosted by Donald Trump.

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Bankruptcy Lawyer Milwaukee, Wi

If you are planning to file for bankruptcy as an individual debtor, your first step should be to hire an experienced bankruptcy lawyer. The bankruptcy codes are complex, and you will need an attorney with experience and who understands all of the relevant laws. You will need to obtain a great deal of personal information for your lawyer, including the names and addresses of your creditors, copies of your tax return and paycheck stubs, and a list of your assets. For more details about the bankruptcy process, watch this informative video.
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Video: Bankruptcy Questions : Can I File for Bankruptcy for Free?

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Most Common Questions about Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

Chapter 13 bankruptcy helps consumers restructure their debt with a 3 to 5 year repayment plan.? Chapter 7 may seem like the best chapter to file when seeking debt relief by getting debt eliminated or discharged.? But debt relief can also be obtained in Chapter 13, even though the process is more complex than Chapter 7.? Debt relief in Chapter 13 gives the consumer multiple advantages.? The following questions are commonly asked by consumers considering Chapter 13 bankruptcy:
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Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Questions and Answers: Is Filing Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Right for You?

Filing for bankruptcy will show on your credit report for a period of 7 years. However, chapter 13 doesn?t affect FICO credit scores as seriously as chapter 7. This is because creditors will receive some of the money they are owed. Should the debtor reaffirm a debt (such as a car loan or mortgage), making punctual repayments will start to repair bad credit. Credit scores will start to improve relatively quickly within a couple of years. A poor credit history credit card can also help.
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5 Bankruptcy Questions To Ask Your Attorney Before Filing

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Get Your Bankruptcy Questions Answered

Harris Ammerman is able to address all of your legal needs. The firm is well established and has built a solid reputation in many facets of the law. Developing a connection based on trust is very important when looking for Maryland bankruptcy lawyers. Your financial well-being is in the hands of whoever is chosen to represent you in court. Make sure you select an attorney who is both experienced and accessible.? There are many details to consider when deciding how to proceed with a bankruptcy. There are subtle differences between a Chapter 7 and a Chapter 13, which are the most common types of bankruptcies filed. Both types usually allow you to keep your home as long as you continue to make regular mortgage payments. Your car can also be retained if you are able to pay the installments.? One of the most beneficial things about a bankruptcy is that the collection calls stop almost immediately. Focusing on a budget is much simpler without the stress of juggling bill payments. The interest charges and fees seem to mount up alarmingly, rather than growing smaller over time. People feeling unsure about filing for bankruptcy may want to consider sitting down and calculating the amount of money that has gone to pay these fees. It is often enough to convince them that bankruptcy is the best option.? Although filing for bankruptcy is a difficult decision to make, most people report a feeling of great relief when they have completed the process. Having an attorney that understands the discomfort you may be feeling and is committed to getting you back on track can help ease the transition.
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Ubuntu 12.04 ("Precise Pangolin")

What the heck is a pangolin?? With the latest edition of Canonical's popular free Linux distribution, Ubuntu, that's the biggest unanswered question.? It seems fair to assume that version 12.04 of the software has been nicknamed "Precise Pangolin" in tribute to the tropical mammal of Africa and Asia because of the hardened scales that cover its body. (Think of it as something like an armored anteater?which we assume Canonical would have considered as a nickname, were it working from the beginning of the alphabet.) The company may be sending the message that this operating system is safe, secure, and ready for anything?exactly the point of a Long-Term Support (LTS) release. If that is indeed the case, the appellation makes sense. And so does 12.04 itself, which, despite being behind a protective barrier, takes a few tentative?and welcome?steps toward additional innovation.

I suspect that those steps are as intended to be as much a broader play toward the enterprise market as a tip of the hat to 12.04's LTS status.? If this is going to be the "default" Ubuntu for a full two years, and Canonical is planning to support it for up to three years beyond that (an increase over previous LTS releases), everything should be usable and right?and, should there be an influx of users from other operating systems, it's even more important.? So 12.04 is less about placating hard-core Linux lovers (who might not have come around to Unity yet) and put everyday folks at ease by giving them more of the options other bigger and more expensive operating systems have led them to expect.

Unity UI Updates
Precise Pangolin doubles down on Unity, the next-generation user interface designed to work equally well on desktops, laptops, netbooks, and tablets that has defined Ubuntu for better or worse for the last year and a half (since the 10.10 Netbook Edition).? Much as Microsoft is digging in its heels with Windows 8, so is Canonical with Unity.? Yet every new Ubuntu release receives some minor tweak that plays with the formula a bit, trying to find the ideal blend of appearance and usability.? I like Unity more than a lot of people do, so I don't need much, but there have been three key advances to it this time around that everyone is likely to find welcome and useful.? They also show that Canonical isn't resting on its laurels when it comes to attracting new users.

First is the Heads-Up Display, or HUD. It implements a typable search interface very much along the lines of what you get in Windows 7 if you hit the Windows key and then start typing.? Here, press the Alt key, type the first few characters of what you're looking for, and Ubuntu will display a semi-transparent list of all the programs, files, and so on that match.? It's not only the natural evolution of the Dash that's been an integral part of Unity since the beginning, but it's also valuable for serious typists or die-hard command liners (many of whom probably use, or are at least familiar with, Linux already) who believe they can work faster without a mouse. My explorations with 12.04 have forced me to side with them; it looks like there are still a few oddities to iron out with the HUD (it didn't always display things I knew it should find, even when I typed what I considered the most sensible keyword), but it's already difficult to imagine how Ubuntu got along without the HUD.? It won't speed up everyone's computing experience, but power users will definitely benefit from it.

Then there are Nautilus Quicklists. By right-clicking on icons on the desktop Launch bar, you receive a short menu of options that list the various additional ways you may interact with that program.? If you've seen or used Jump Lists in Windows 7, you'll understand the basic idea here; they represent a potentially major increase in usability for the applications that take advantage of them.? You won't necessarily see a ton of choices in each one, at least at this point (the included LibreOffice suite, for example, uses practically none), but the ones that do exist help you supercharge Ubuntu by doing a lot more with a lot less clicking.

Last but not least of the big three changes is the new video lens. Just as previous lenses in the Dash made it easy to search for things like files and music, so does this one simplify the process of tracking down videos?and it doesn't just search your PC, it can also draw results from major websites like YouTube.? The video lens, like the HUD and Quicklists, represents an amplified recognition of the way people use their computers today, and many users?particularly beginners (or Microsoft crossovers?)?will undoubtedly appreciate having so many options at their disposal.

Pangolin Performance
Those are the biggest technical changes in 12.04, and they're more than enough?but Canonical has made a few other adjustments as well.? Perhaps the most astonishing is the increase in performance:? In our testing 12.04 was noticeably faster than 11.10 ("Oneiric Ocelot") in terms of navigation, opening programs, and booting. In my tests, the latest version of Ubuntu started up several seconds more quickly?a very impressive improvement.?

The Software Center, for downloading and buying programs to use in Ubuntu, now allows PayPal transactions, personalized recommendations, and sharing software with friends (through use of Web Directory), and it automatically installs language support packages. The System Settings window has received a couple of updates, and it's easier to find configuration options in there now?including Appearance (replacing User Interface) for swapping out the OS's default theme.? Banshee, the default music player in 11.10, has been replaced with Rhythmbox, though you can of course change it (as you can with everything in Ubuntu).

With Ubuntu 12.04, Canonical has shown itself to be unusually cagey. As Microsoft pushes itself (and its users) toward Windows 8 and away from the traditional style of desktop interaction it's helped foster over the last 25 years, Canonical is continually in the process of making its software more like what Microsoft used to make?all while still acknowledging (with its bet-the-farm reliance on Unity) that the computer world is evolving.? In fact, 12.04 seems to be as much about Windows 8 (and its potential refugees) as it is about Ubuntu, and I wouldn't be at all surprised if the next incarnation of the OS (12.10, which will arrive in October) pushes this aspect even more forcefully.? I'm not positive that Ubuntu is yet the one-to-one Windows replacement it's obviously aspiring to be, but 12.04 comes tantalizingly close to the mark.? Whether the gamble will pay off remains to be seen, but it's obvious that this pangolin isn't just precise?it's also incredibly prudent.

More Operating System reviews:
??? Ubuntu 12.04 ("Precise Pangolin")
??? Ubuntu 11.10 ("Oneiric Ocelot")
??? Windows Small Business Server 2011 Essentials
??? Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal)
??? Ubuntu 10.10 ("Maverick Meerkat") Netbook Edition
?? more

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After Trip to ISS, SpaceX's Dragon Capsule Returns Safely To Earth

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Wednesday, May 30, 2012

El Chanclaso: Colorado Rep. Mike Coffman Gets A Chanclaso

Chanclaso

The latest Congressman to go the?birther route?is Colorado Rep. Mike Coffman, who was caught on tape declaring that he was unsure whether President Obama was born in the US.? Furthermore, Rep. Coffman said he was certain that in President Obama's heart he was not American. Imagine that. Rep. Coffman has no idea whether President Obama is a US citizen -?a simple Google search?could help him there - but he purports to know what's in the President's heart.? Come on, give me a break.? At the least, Rep. Coffman had the decency to apologize for his dim-witted views. ?Once again, how can the American people expect Congress to function properly when so many (62 to be in fact) Congressional members are refusing to believe in facts, and instead rely on rumors and hearsay. I'm sending Rep. Coffman a?chanclaso.

Aplauso

Un aplauso to Disney and Pixar who have announced they will be releasing a movie based on the Mexican holiday?D?a de los Muertos.?No release date or any plot details have been revealed but I'm looking forward to this movie.??D?a de los Muertos?is one of my favorite holidays and I'm hoping Disney and Pixar do right by that film.

I also want to send some aplausos to the Oregon State Board of Education for banning the use of Native American mascots.? In a 5-1 decision, the Board is requiring 15 schools to change their mascots by 2017.? They're serious too. If the schools fail to change their mascots, they risk losing state funding. If people in Native American communities find these images offensive then we should change those images. The NFL's Washington Redskins could easily be changed to the Washington Monuments or the Washington Red & Blue Stripes.? Adelante Oreg?n!

Follow El Chanclaso on Twitter: www.twitter.com/votolatino

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Establishing a Safe and Healthful Working Environment | MBDA ...

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Establishing a safe and healthful working environment requires every employer -- large and small -- and every worker to make safety and health a top priority. The entire work force -- from the CEO to the most recent hire -- must recognize that worker safety and health is central to the mission and key to the profitability of the American company.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) job is to provide leadership and encouragement to workers and employers to take that responsibility seriously. We continue to help employers and employees focus on reducing injuries, illnesses, and fatalities and to increase their commitment to improved safety and health.

OSHA can help small businesses and others through a variety of tools, including partnership, consultation, compliance assistance, education and training, outreach, and plain language regulations.

Why is safety and health important for a small business owner like me?

Safety is good business. An effective safety and health program can save $4 to $6 for every $1 invested. It's the right thing to do, and doing it right pays off in lower costs, increased productivity, and higher employee morale.

As an employer, you have a duty to protect your workers from injury and illness on the job. Protecting workers also makes good business sense. Accidents and injuries are more expensive than many realize. Costs mount up quickly. But substantial savings in workers' compensation and lost workdays are possible when injuries and illnesses decline. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) can help you.

How can I reduce employee injuries and illnesses?

Compliance with OSHA rules is essential. Compliance along with an effective voluntary safety and health program can help reduce your costs and injuries and illnesses. An organized, carefully crafted plan that systematically focuses on workplace hazards and employee training is critical. Buy-in from every manager and employee is essential. Everyone has to work at safety and health.

How do I develop this program?

Each safety and health program should be tailored to fit the company, to blend with its unique operations and culture, and to help employers maintain a system that continually addresses workplace hazards. There are five elements that every effective program should have: management leadership and employee participation, workplace analysis, hazard prevention and control, safety and health training and education, and program evaluation.

What do you mean by management leadership and employee participation?

Employers and employees work together to make safety and health a priority. Employer and employee involvement communication on workplace and safety and health issues are essential. For example, this partnership can be achieved when you

Post the company's written safety and health policy for all to see
Involve employees in policymaking on safety and health issues
Take an active part in safety activities
Hold meetings that focus on employee safety and health
Abide by all safety and health rules
Show your commitment by investing time, effort, and money in your safety and health program.

What's a worksite analysis and how often do I have to do it?

A worksite analysis means that you and your employees analyze all worksite conditions to identify and eliminate existing or potential hazards. This should be done on a regular and timely basis. There should be a current hazard analysis for all jobs and processes that all employees know and understand. To do this, it is helpful to

Request a free OSHA Consultation visit
Become aware of hazards in your industry
Create safety teams
Encourage employees to report workplace hazards
Examine history of worksite conditions
Have an adequate system for reporting hazards
Have trained personnel conduct inspections of the worksite and correct hazards
Ensure that any changes in process or new high-hazard facilities are reviewed by a competent person
Seek assistance from safety and health experts. (See also OSHA publication 3071 ? Job Hazard Analysis for steps in identifying and protecting against workplace hazards.)

After I identify hazards at my worksite, how can I prevent or control them?

The next part of a good safety and health program is your continual review of your work environment and work practices to control or prevent workplace hazards. This can be done when you

Regularly and thoroughly maintain equipment
Ensure that hazard correction procedures are in place
Ensure that employees know how to use and maintain personal protective equipment
Ensure that all employees understand and follow safe work procedures
Make sure that, where necessary, you have a medical program tailored to your facility to help prevent workplace hazards and exposures.

What else can I do to minimize potential accidents and injuries?

It is important that everyone in the workplace be properly trained, from the floor worker to the supervisors, managers, contractors, and part-time and temporary employees. This can be done when you

Allow only properly authorized and instructed employees to do any job
Make sure no employees do any job that appears unsafe
Hold emergency preparedness drills for employees
Pay particular attention to employees learning new operations to make sure they have the proper job skills and awareness of hazards
Train supervisors and managers to recognize hazards and understand their responsibilities
Encourage all employees to report any hazardous conditions to their supervisors.

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Nanodevice manufacturing strategy using DNA 'Building blocks'

ScienceDaily (May 30, 2012) ? Researchers at the Wyss Institute have developed a method for building complex nanostructures out of short synthetic strands of DNA. Called single-stranded tiles (SSTs), these interlocking DNA "building blocks," akin to Legos?, can be programmed to assemble themselves into precisely designed shapes, such as letters and emoticons. Further development of the technology could enable the creation of new nanoscale devices, such as those that deliver drugs directly to disease sites.

The technology, which is described in the May 30 online issue of Nature, was developed by a research team led by Wyss core faculty member Peng Yin, Ph.D., who is also an Assistant Professor of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School. Other team members included Wyss Postdoctoral Fellow Bryan Wei, Ph.D., and graduate student Mingjie Dai.

DNA is best known as a keeper of genetic information. But in an emerging field of science known as DNA nanotechnology, it is being explored for use as a material with which to build tiny, programmable structures for diverse applications. To date, most research has focused on the use of a single long biological strand of DNA, which acts as a backbone along which smaller strands bind to its many different segments, to create shapes. This method, called DNA origami, is also being pursued at the Wyss Institute under the leadership of Core Faculty member William Shih, Ph.D. Shih is also an Associate Professor in the Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology at Harvard Medical School and the Department of Cancer Biology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.

In focusing on the use of short strands of synthetic DNA and avoiding the long scaffold strand, Yin's team developed an alternative building method. Each SST is a single, short strand of DNA. One tile will interlock with another tile, if it has a complementary sequence of DNA. If there are no complementary matches, the blocks do not connect. In this way, a collection of tiles can assemble itself into specific, predetermined shapes through a series of interlocking local connections.

In demonstrating the method, the researchers created just over one hundred different designs, including Chinese characters, numbers, and fonts, using hundreds of tiles for a single structure of 100 nanometers (billionths of a meter) in size. The approach is simple, robust, and versatile.

As synthetically based materials, the SSTs could have some important applications in medicine. SSTs could organize themselves into drug-delivery machines that maintain their structural integrity until they reach specific cell targets, and because they are synthetic, can be made highly biocompatible.

"Use of DNA nanotechnology to create programmable nanodevices is an important focus at the Wyss Institute, because we believe so strongly in its potential to produce a paradigm-shifting approach to development of new diagnostics and therapeutics," said Wyss Founding Director, Donald Ingber, M.D., Ph.D.

The research was supported by the Office of Naval Research, the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and the Wyss Institute at Harvard University.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

Bryan Wei, Mingjie Dai, Peng Yin. Complex shapes self-assembled from single-stranded DNA tiles. Nature, 2012; 485 (7400): 623 DOI: 10.1038/nature11075

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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